اقرأ ملخص خريطة المفاهيم باللغة الإنجليزية
Pneumonia
Pneumonia is an acute inflammatory condition of the lung parenchyma, primarily affecting the alveoli, which become filled with fluid and cellular debris, impairing gas exchange and oxygenation.
- Causes
- Bacterial pathogens
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Viral pathogens
- Influenza virus
- RSV
- SARS-CoV-2
- Fungal pathogens
- Pneumocystis jirovecii
- Aspergillus species
- Aspiration events
- Oropharyngeal flora
- Gastric contents
- Classification
- Clinical setting
- Community acquired pneumonia
- Hospital acquired pneumonia
- Ventilator associated pneumonia
- Anatomic pattern
- Lobar pneumonia
- Bronchopneumonia
- Interstitial pneumonia
- Signs and Symptoms
- Respiratory symptoms
- Productive cough
- Dyspnea
- Pleuritic chest pain
- Systemic manifestations
- High grade fever
- Rigors and chills
- Fatigue and malaise
- Physical exam findings
- Crackles and rales
- Bronchial breath sounds
- Increased tactile fremitus
- Dullness to percussion
- Diagnosis
- Imaging studies
- Chest X-ray
- CT thorax
- Laboratory tests
- Complete blood count
- Sputum gram stain
- Blood cultures
- Urinary antigen testing
- Severity assessment
- CURB-65 score
- PSI pneumonia score
- Treatment
- Empiric antibiotic therapy
- Outpatient management
- Inpatient ward therapy
- ICU level care
- Supportive care
- Oxygen supplementation
- Intravenous fluid resuscitation
- Analgesics and antipyretics
- Complications
- Pulmonary complications
- Pleural effusion
- Empyema formation
- Lung abscess
- Respiratory failure
- Systemic complications
- Sepsis and shock
- Multi-organ failure
- Metastatic infection